Llamamiento a adoptar medidas urgentes para limitar los aumentos de temperatura en el mundo, restablecer la diversidad biológica y proteger la salud / Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health

La publicación de este artículo es una iniciativa organizada por la Alianza Global por el Clima y la Salud (GCHA, por sus siglas en inglés) a través de la Alianza de Salud del Reino Unido sobre el Cambio Climático (UKHACC, por sus siglas en inglés) y los miembros del Grupo de Trabajo Latinoamericano sobre Cambio Climático y Salud. La convocatoria tiene un doble objetivo: que los líderes mundiales acuerden los cambios necesarios para mantener el aumento de la temperatura global por debajo de 1,5°C y que los profesionales de la salud adquieran una mayor relevancia en el debate global sobre la crisis climática y la pérdida de la biodiversidad. La convocatoria se desarrolla en el contexto de la próxima celebración de la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas que se iniciará el 14 de septiembre de 2021, así como también de la celebración de la conferencia climática COP26 que este año se realizará en Glasgow. Este artículo, cuya autoría pertenece principalmente a editores de 18 prestigiosas revistas científicas ampliamente representativas de los continentes y disciplinas de la salud del mundo, ya ha sido publicada simultáneamente en más de 200 revistas científicas internacionales (https://www.bmj.com/content/full-list-authors-and-signatories-climate-emergency-editorial-september-2021). En esta ocasión, la Revista Argentina de Salud Pública se suma a esta iniciativa conjunta a través de la publicación del artículo en español, con el fin de promover su difusión en los países de la Región. El editorial expresa también la necesidad de restablecer la diversidad biológica y proteger la salud, y de que los países de altos ingresos hagan mayores recortes en sus emisiones de carbono y transfieran fondos a los países de ingresos bajos y medianos. Además, exhorta a la intervención de los gobiernos en el rediseño de los sistemas de transporte, las ciudades, la producción y distribución de alimentos, los mercados para las inversiones financieras, los sistemas de salud, entre otros aspectos, lo que redundaría en amplios beneficios para la salud.

Measuring success in global health diplomacy: lessons from marketing food to children in India

Global health diplomacy (GHD) focuses on international negotiation; principally between nation states, but increasingly non-state actors However, agreements made at the global level have to be enacted at the national, and in some cases the sub-national level. This presents two related problems: (1) how can success be measured in global health diplomacy and (2) at what point should success be evaluated? This commentary highlights these issues through examining the relationship between India and the WHO Set of Recommendations on the Marketing of Food and Non-alcoholic Beverages to Children, endorsed by Resolution WHA63.14 at the 63rd World Health Assembly in 2010.

[Prevalence of GJB2 mutations among patients with autosomal recessive non syndromic hearing loss in Sistan and Baloochestan province]

Most of definitions equate quality of life and motor functioning to each other. The aim of this study was to examination the association between gross motor function and QOL domains for children with Cerebral Palsy [CP]. In this analytical cross - sectional study, 60 children with diagnosis of cerebral palsy 4-12 years old were selected horn different clinics of occupational therapy. Cp-QOL questionnaires completed by parents of participants, and gross motor function of all children evaluated by GMFM. There were significant differences between gross motor function and quality of life domains such as social well-being and acceptance [P=0/017], feeling about functioning [P=0/003], participation and physical health [P=0/003], pain and feeling about disability [P=0/018], ability to access to health services [P=0/009]. There wasn't statistically significant relation between the optenial well-being [P=0/54] and family health [P=0/796]. There aren't relations between gross motor function and the psychosocial domains of QOL; which means Children with CP have the potential to show high psychosocial QOL scores even if they have poor functioning skills

Burden of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness in Gálvez, Argentina, 2007.

This study evaluated the magnitude and distribution of acute gastrointestinal illness (GI) in Gálvez, Argentina, and assessed the outcome of a seven-day versus 30-day recall period in survey methodology. A crosssectional population survey, with either a seven-day or a 30-day retrospective recall period, was conducted through door-to-door visits to randomly-selected residents during the ‘high’ and the ‘low’ seasons of GI in the community. Comparisons were made between the annual incidence rates obtained using the sevenday and the 30-day recall period. Using the 30-day recall period, the mean annual incidence rates was 0.43 (low season of GI) and 0.49 (high season of GI) episodes per person-year. Using the seven-day recall period, the mean annual incidence rate was 0.76 (low season of GI) and 2.66 (high season of GI) episodes per person-year. This study highlights the significant burden of GI in a South American community and confirms the importance of seasonality when investigating GI in the population. The findings suggest that a longer recall period may underestimate the burden of GI in retrospective population surveys of GI.

[Spectrum of GJB2 gene mutations in nonsyndromic autosomal recessive deaf patients in Yazd]

Hearing loss is the most common sensory neural defect in humans, affecting 1 in 1000 neonates, with over half of these cases predicted to be hereditary in nature. Most hereditary hearing loss is inherited in a recessive fashion, accounting for approximately 80% of non-syndromic hearing loss [NSHL]. Mutations in GJB2 gene are major cause of inherited deafness in the European and American populations. To date, more than 90 mutations have been reported in this gene. Although most of these mutations are rare but 35delG mutation is the most common deafness causing allelic variant of GJB2 in most parts of t he world. In this project, 120 probands from 120 families with ARNSHL in Yazd Province were studied. Mutations Screening of GJB2 was performed by Amplification Refractory Mutation System [ARMS]-PCR for detection of 35delG and then all samples excluding 35delG homozygote were analyzed by DHPLC and Direct Sequencing. GJB2-related deafness was present in 7.5% of this population. We identified 4 mutations [35delG, 312del14, 314del14 and 167delT] and 4 polymorphisms [V153I, V27I, E114G and R127H] in this study. Prevalence of GJB2 mutations in this population was lower than American and European populations, and also other provinces of Iran. Interestingly, 312del14 rather than 35delG was the most common mutation found in the population under study. 56.25% of GJB2 mutant alleles carried 312del14 mutation. To date, this frequency has not been reported in any of the world populations

Mecânica do movimento dentário / Mechanics of tooth movement

As forças ortodônticas podem ser expressas matematicamente como vetores. Quando mais de uma força é aplicada a um dente, estas forças podem ser combinadas, determinando uma única resultante. Por outro lado, as forças também podem ser decompostas, possibilitando a análise individual dos seus componentes vertical e horizontal em relaçäo ao plano oclusal, ao plano horizontal de Frankfort ou ao longo eixo do dente. As forças produzem translaçäo (movimento de corpo), rotaçäo, ou uma combinaçäo de translaçäo e rotaçäo, dependendo da relaçäo da linha de açäo da força com o centro de resistência do dente. A tendência de rotaçäo é atribuída ao momento da força, que é calculado multiplicando-se a magnitude da força pela distância perpendicular da linha de açäo da força ao centro de resistência. O único sistema de força capaz de produzir rotaçäo pura (um momento com uma força resultante final igual a zero) é um binário, definido como duas forças de mesma magnitude, aplicadas em direçöes opostas, näo colineares, porém paralelas. O movimento de um dente (ou um grupo de dentes) pode ser melhor definido em relaçäo a um centro de rotaçäo. A proporçäo entre o momento e a força em um dente (M/F), tendo como referência o centro de resistência, determina o centro de rotaçäo. Visto que a maioria das forças é aplicada no bráquete, torna-se necessário considerar sistemas de forças equivalentes no centro de resistência para predizer o movimento do dente. Um gráfico da proporçäo M/F, relacionado com o centro de rotaçäo, ilustra a precisäo necessária para o controle do movimento dentário

Localisation Of The Usher Syndrome Type I Gene In The French Acadian Population Of Louisiana To Chromosome 11p14-p15.1 By Linkage and Haplotype Analysis.

The Usher syndromes (USH) are autosomal recessive diseases characterised by congenital sensorineural hearing loss and progressive pigmentary retinopathy with or without vestibular dysfunction. At least three distinct loci causing type 1 Usher syndrome (USH1) have been reported, with the USHl locus found in the French-Acadian families of Louisiana (USHlC) mapping to chromosome 11p. In this study 16 microsatellite markers were used to refine the position of the USH1 locus in the French-Acadian population of Louisiana. Two-point linkage analysis showed no recombination between US1C and D11S419 (Zmax = 2.95), D11S902 (Zmax = 6.44), D11S921 (Zmax = 3.31), and D11S899 (Zmax = 5,46). A map of chromosome 11p14-15.1 based on microsatellite markers was developed for use in mapping USH1C. Multipoint linkage analysis gave Z = 6.5 at D11S899 with a one-lod confidence interval covering 5 cM interval. The closest flanking markers showing obligate recombinants are D11S861 and D11S928, which localises USH1C to a 9 cM interval. However, examination of the marker haplotypes in individuals affected by USH1C is consistent with the suggestion that the high icnidence of USH1 in this population is the result of a founder effect and places the USH1C locus in the 5cM interval bounded by D11S861 and D11S899.